Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood cells. It is a rapidly progressing disease characterized by the rapid growth and accumulation of immature and abnormal white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. AML is the most common acute leukemia affecting adults, although it can also occur in children.
In this condition, the bone marrow, responsible for producing blood cells, is invaded by malignant myeloid cells. These cancerous cells grow and interfere with the development of normal cells, resulting in a deficiency of healthy blood cells. The abnormal cells can also infiltrate other tissues and organs, leading to additional complications.
Symptoms of AML may include fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, pale skin, shortness of breath, weight loss, and bone or joint pain. Diagnosis is often confirmed through blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing.
The exact cause of AML is unknown, although certain risk factors such as exposure to radiation, certain chemicals, and certain genetic abnormalities may increase the likelihood of developing this disease. Treatment options for AML generally involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation. The type of treatment recommended may depend on various factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and specific genetic mutations present in the leukemia cells.
Overall, acute myeloid leukemia is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment for the best possible outcome. Ongoing research and advancements in treatment options continue to improve the prognosis for individuals diagnosed with this disease.
