TUBERCULIN TEST Meaning and
Definition
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The tuberculin test is a diagnostic procedure used to determine whether an individual has been infected with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis (TB). This test is also known as the Mantoux test or the purified protein derivative (PPD) test. It involves injecting a small amount of tuberculin, a purified derivative of the M. tuberculosis bacterium, just under the skin of the forearm. After this, the healthcare provider examines the injection site for any reactions within 48 to 72 hours.
The tuberculin test works on the principle of detecting a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in individuals who have been previously exposed to the TB bacteria. If the person has indeed been infected with M. tuberculosis in the past, their immune system will react to the injection by causing a localized swelling and redness at the site. This indicates a positive reaction and suggests that the person has developed immunity against the bacteria.
The tuberculin test is commonly used as a screening tool for tuberculosis within communities or specific populations. However, it is important to note that this test cannot differentiate between a latent TB infection (where the bacteria are dormant) and active TB disease (where the individual shows symptoms and is contagious). Additional tests such as chest X-rays and sputum cultures are required to diagnose active TB. Overall, the tuberculin test plays a crucial role in identifying individuals who may require further evaluation and treatment for tuberculosis.
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Etymology of TUBERCULIN TEST
The word "tuberculin" originates from the Latin word "tuberculum", meaning a small swelling or protuberance. It is derived from the noun "tuberculus", which refers to a small rounded projection or swelling, particularly used in medical contexts. The suffix "-in" denotes a substance or component, hence "tuberculin" refers to a substance related to tubercles or small swellings.
The "tuberculin test" is a diagnostic test used to detect a person's sensitivity to tuberculosis bacteria. It was developed by the German physician Robert Koch in the late 19th century. The test involves injecting a small portion of tuberculin, a protein derivative extracted from cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, into the skin and observing the reaction. If a person is infected with tuberculosis, a raised red bump will appear at the injection site, indicating a positive reaction.
Similar spelling words for TUBERCULIN TEST
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