Tick-borne encephalitis viruses (TBEV) refer to a group of viruses that are primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. TBEV is predominantly found in regions of Europe and Asia, particularly in forested areas where tick populations are abundant. These viruses are classified under the Flaviviridae family, which also includes other well-known arthropod-borne viruses such as dengue fever, West Nile virus, and Zika virus.
Tick-borne encephalitis viruses can cause a range of symptoms, varying from mild flu-like illness to severe neurologic complications. In some cases, these viruses can lead to encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain, which can result in long-term neurologic sequelae or even death. The incubation period for TBEV typically ranges from 7 to 14 days.
Prevention of TBEV infections can be achieved through vaccination, as well as personal protective measures such as wearing appropriate clothing (e.g., long sleeves, pants), using insect repellents, and conducting regular tick checks after potential exposure to tick-infested areas. Diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis is usually based on the detection of specific antibodies in blood serum or cerebrospinal fluid.
Tick-borne encephalitis viruses pose a significant public health concern in endemic areas, resulting in substantial morbidity and occasional mortality. The implementation of public health measures, including vaccination campaigns and tick control strategies, is crucial in reducing the burden of tick-borne encephalitis.
