Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral disease caused by a tick bite, typically transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. It belongs to the Flaviviridae family, specifically the genus Flavivirus. TBE primarily occurs in regions where ticks carrying the virus are prevalent, such as in central and eastern Europe, Russia, Scandinavia, and some parts of Asia.
The disease manifests in two main forms: the early or mild form, known as viral meningitis, and the severe or late form, often referred to as encephalitis. Initial symptoms may include flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, fever, headache, muscle aches, and sometimes gastrointestinal issues. In viral meningitis cases, the disease generally resolves within a few weeks without causing serious complications. However, the encephalitic form can lead to more severe symptoms, such as high fever, neck stiffness, severe headaches, paralysis, and even neurological damage.
Tick-borne encephalitis is mainly transmitted through the bite of infected ticks, most commonly the Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus species. Humans can become infected after being bitten by an infected tick, usually during outdoor activities in tick-infested areas.
Prevention of tick-borne encephalitis involves taking measures to avoid tick bites, including wearing protective clothing, using insect repellents, and conducting regular tick checks. Vaccines are available in some countries and provide effective protection against TBE.
In conclusion, tick-borne encephalitis is a viral disease transmitted through tick bites, and it can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe neurological complications. Prevention and vaccination are vital for reducing the risk of infection.
