Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. It is an arbovirus, which means it is transmitted by arthropods, with ticks being the primary vector. The virus is responsible for causing tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a viral infection affecting the central nervous system.
TBEV is endemic in certain parts of Europe and Asia. It is classified into three subtypes: European, Siberian, and Far-Eastern. Each subtype has variations in geographical distribution, virulence, and clinical outcomes. The virus primarily cycles between ticks and small mammals, such as rodents and birds, with humans acting as incidental hosts through tick bites.
Once a person is infected with TBEV, the virus enters the bloodstream and spreads to the central nervous system, leading to inflammation in the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis may vary from mild flu-like symptoms to severe neurological manifestations, including encephalitis and meningitis. In severe cases, it can result in long-term complications or even be fatal.
Prevention of TBE involves avoiding tick-infested areas, wearing protective clothing, using insect repellents, and vaccination with an effective TBE vaccine. There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for TBE, and supportive care is the mainstay of management for infected individuals.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus poses a significant public health concern in endemic regions, emphasizing the importance of awareness, prevention strategies, and timely diagnosis for the control and management of this infectious disease.
