Spina Bifida Manifesta is a medical condition characterized by a visible and apparent defect in the spinal canal and its surrounding structures, resulting from incomplete fusion of the vertebrae during fetal development. It is a severe form of spina bifida, a congenital birth defect that affects the neural tube.
In Spina Bifida Manifesta, the spinal cord and its protective covering, known as the meninges, protrude through the opening in the spinal column, forming a visible sac-like structure on the back of the affected individual. This protrusion is typically covered by a thin layer of skin, but it may also be exposed.
Individuals with Spina Bifida Manifesta often experience significant neurological and physical impairments due to the damaged spinal cord and nerves. The severity and exact symptoms can vary widely depending on the level and extent of the spinal opening. Common complications include paralysis or weakness in the lower limbs, difficulty with bladder and bowel control, hydrocephalus (excess fluid in the brain), and orthopedic abnormalities such as clubfoot or scoliosis.
Treatment for Spina Bifida Manifesta typically involves surgical intervention to close the opening in the spine and protect the exposed spinal cord and nerves. Depending on the individual's symptoms and needs, additional treatments may be necessary, such as physical therapy, assistive devices, and ongoing medical management.
Early detection and prevention strategies, such as folic acid supplementation during pregnancy, can help reduce the risk of developing spina bifida and its manifesta form. Close monitoring and comprehensive care can improve the quality of life for individuals living with Spina Bifida Manifesta.
