Spina Bifida Cystica is a medical condition characterized by a congenital defect in the development of the spine and spinal cord. The term "spina bifida" comes from Latin, meaning "split spine." The condition occurs when the spinal column fails to close properly during embryonic development, resulting in a gap or cleft in the bones of the spine. This gap allows the spinal cord and its protective covering to protrude through the opening, forming a visible cyst or sac on the back.
There are two main types of spina bifida cystica: meningocele and myelomeningocele. Meningocele refers to cases where the cyst contains the membranes that cover the spinal cord, but does not involve any nerves. Myelomeningocele, on the other hand, involves both the membranes and the nerves of the spinal cord.
Individuals with spina bifida cystica may experience a range of symptoms and complications, including motor and sensory impairments, bladder and bowel dysfunction, hydrocephalus (excess fluid on the brain), and orthopedic problems. Treatment options for spina bifida cystica may include surgical repair of the spinal defect, physical therapy, assistive devices, and ongoing medical management to prevent or address associated health issues.
Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to maximize the individual's quality of life, as well as to prevent or minimize complications. Multidisciplinary healthcare teams, including specialists such as neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons, rehabilitation therapists, and urologists, often work together to provide comprehensive care for individuals with spina bifida cystica.
