Sertoli cells, also known as Sertoli's cells or nurse cells, are specialized cells found in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, which are the primary male reproductive organs. These cells play an essential role in the development and function of the male reproductive system.
Physically, Sertoli cells are elongated, columnar-shaped cells that are located within the seminiferous tubules. They are arranged in a single layer and extend from the basal membrane to the lumen of the tubules. Sertoli cells function as support cells for developing spermatogenic cells, providing a nurturing environment for the sperm cells to develop and mature.
One of the primary roles of Sertoli cells is to produce and secrete a variety of substances, including androgen-binding protein (ABP), which binds to and maintains high levels of testosterone within the seminiferous tubules. They also produce anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which helps inhibit the development of female reproductive structures in the male fetus.
Additionally, Sertoli cells create tight junctions with adjacent cells, forming a blood-testis barrier that separates the developing sperm cells from the immune system, preventing the recognition and destruction of these cells as foreign.
Sertoli cells also provide physical support to the developing sperm cells, helping guide their movement through the seminiferous tubules as they mature. They also phagocytose (engulf and destroy) any damaged or defective sperm cells, ensuring the quality of the sperm before ejaculation.
Overall, Sertoli cells are crucial for the production, maturation, and protection of sperm cells, playing a vital role in male reproductive function.
