The spelling of the word "rood arch" is relatively easy to understand once you break it down phonetically. First, "rood" is pronounced /rud/ with a diphthong "oo" followed by a "d" sound. Next, "arch" is pronounced /ɑːrtʃ/, with a long "a" sound, followed by a retroflex "r" and a "ch" sound that is formed by touching the tongue to the back of the palate. Together, these two words create the architectural feature that often adorned medieval churches.
A rood arch refers to a decorative architectural element found in Christian churches, specifically in medieval and Gothic styles of architecture. It is a semicircular or pointed arch positioned above the screen or rood beam, a horizontal beam that separates the chancel or choir from the nave. The rood arch originated in the 10th century and remained prevalent until the 16th century.
Typically, the rood arch is situated near the eastern end of the nave, leading into the chancel. It serves as a visual and symbolic separation between the sacred spaces of the chancel and the more secular space of the nave. The arch itself is often embellished with intricate carvings, moldings, and sculptures, featuring religious imagery such as saints, angels, biblical scenes, and floral motifs.
The rood arch is not merely an architectural feature but also has liturgical significance. It is usually adorned with a cross, known as a rood, and frequently supports a crucifix or other religious artwork. This arrangement highlights the importance of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ in Christian theology and serves as a focal point for worship and meditation.
The rood arch's intricate design and decorative elements are intended to create an awe-inspiring atmosphere, evoking the divine and inspiring devotion among worshippers. Its prominent position within the church's interior emphasizes the spiritual journey from the nave to the chancel, underscoring the transition from the earthly realm to the sacred realm.
The term "rood arch" has its etymological origins in Old English. The word "rood" comes from the Old English word "rōd", meaning "cross". It can be traced back to Proto-Germanic "rōdaz", which ultimately derives from the Proto-Indo-European root "*red-" meaning "to be afraid" or "to be in awe". The word "arch", on the other hand, comes from the Old English "arc" or "earc", related to the Old High German "bogin", meaning "arch" or "bow". Both words have been combined to form "rood arch", referring to an arched structure over the rood screen or rood beam in medieval church architecture, which typically held a crucifix or a rood.