Rabies virus is a highly contagious and deadly virus that primarily affects mammals, including humans. It belongs to the Lyssavirus genus of the RNA virus family Rhabdoviridae. The virus is typically transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal, most commonly through a bite or scratch.
Once the virus enters the body, it replicates in muscle cells near the site of the exposure, spreads along nerve pathways, and eventually reaches the central nervous system. It then causes inflammation of the brain, known as encephalitis, leading to a variety of symptoms.
Early symptoms of rabies infection can be non-specific, including fever, headache, and general weakness. However, as the disease progresses, individuals may experience intense pain and tingling at the site of the bite, hallucinations, anxiety, confusion, and muscle spasms. This is followed by paralysis, convulsions, and ultimately coma and death if left untreated.
Rabies is almost always fatal once symptoms develop. Therefore, prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent the onset of the disease. Treatment typically involves a series of post-exposure prophylaxis injections, which consist of both rabies immune globulin and a vaccine. These injections help stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus and prevent its spread throughout the body.
Prevention of rabies includes proper immunization of domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, and the avoidance of contact with wild or stray animals. Public health campaigns promoting responsible pet ownership and measures to control stray animal populations are also essential in preventing the transmission of this virus to humans.
