RABIE is a term that refers to a highly contagious viral infection that affects warm-blooded animals, including humans. It is caused by the Rabies virus, which belongs to the family Rhabdoviridae. Rabies is primarily transmitted through the bite or scratch of an infected animal, particularly dogs, bats, raccoons, skunks, and foxes. The virus primarily affects the central nervous system, leading to a progressive and fatal encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
The symptoms of Rabies typically appear after an incubation period of a few weeks to several months, although it can vary depending on the specific strain of the virus and the location of the bite. Initially, individuals may experience flu-like symptoms, such as fever, headache, and general malaise. As the disease progresses, more severe symptoms may develop, including agitation, anxiety, confusion, hallucinations, hyperactivity, and muscle spasms. The unique characteristic of Rabies is the development of hydrophobia, an intense fear of water due to the painful throat spasms experienced when attempting to drink.
Without prompt medical treatment, Rabies is almost always fatal. Therefore, preventative measures are crucial, such as vaccination of domestic animals, responsible pet ownership, and avoiding contact with wildlife, particularly in areas where Rabies is known to be prevalent. In case of exposure to a potentially infected animal, immediate medical attention, including post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) vaccination, is vital to prevent the virus from reaching the central nervous system and causing the disease.
