Psyllae, plural of Psylla, refers to a group of small insects that belong to the order Hemiptera and the family Psyllidae. These insects are commonly known as jumping plant lice. Psyllae are typically found worldwide, with the majority of species occurring in tropical and subtropical regions.
Psyllae have a distinctive appearance, characterized by their small size, ranging from 1 to 8 millimeters in length, and their ability to jump. They possess well-developed hind legs that enable them to make quick and agile leaps, which aids in their feeding and escaping from danger. Their bodies are usually oval-shaped and covered in a waxy or powdery substance.
Feeding on a wide variety of plants, psyllae are considered pests in agriculture and horticulture. They pierce the plant tissue with their mouthparts and extract sap, which can result in stunted growth, leaf yellowing, and a decline in the overall health of the host plant. Some psyllae species are known to cause significant damage to citrus trees, ornamental shrubs, and various crops.
Psyllae undergo incomplete metamorphosis, consisting of three life stages: egg, nymph, and adult. Eggs are typically laid on the host plant, and the nymphs closely resemble the adult insects but are smaller and lack wings. As they grow, nymphs molt several times before eventually reaching adulthood.
Efforts to control psyllae populations include the use of insecticides, biological control agents, and cultural practices. Integrated pest management strategies are often preferred to minimize chemical usage and optimize long-term pest control.
