Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a highly contagious viral pathogen that affects pigs. It belongs to the family Coronaviridae, genus Betacoronavirus. PHEV primarily targets the central nervous system, causing inflammation and damage to the brain and spinal cord.
The virus is transmitted through direct contact between infected pigs or via respiratory secretions. It can also spread indirectly through contaminated objects, feed, or equipment. Other animals, such as rodents and humans, can be carriers of the virus without displaying symptoms, further facilitating its spread.
Symptoms of PHEV infection vary widely and depend on the age, immunological status, and overall health of the affected pigs. In younger animals, clinical signs may include high fever, loss of appetite, diarrhea, neurological disorders, and respiratory distress. In some cases, death can occur within a few days of infection. Adult pigs infected with PHEV may exhibit milder symptoms or may be completely asymptomatic.
Diagnosis of PHEV is typically done through laboratory testing, including molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or virus isolation methods from tissue samples. Differential diagnosis is important as PHEV may resemble other diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV) or transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE).
Prevention and control measures for PHEV include strict biosecurity practices, quarantine of infected animals, and disinfection of premises and equipment. Vaccination may also be utilized in certain situations to reduce the incidence and severity of the disease.
Overall, Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus represents a significant concern in the swine industry due to its high mortality rates, economic impact, and potential
