Porcine Epidemic Abortion and Respiratory Syndrome (also known as PRRS) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects pigs, primarily causing reproductive and respiratory problems within the porcine population. PRRS is caused by a strain of the Arterivirus family, known as PRRSV.
The reproductive symptoms of PRRS typically manifest as late-term abortions, stillborn piglets, and weak neonatal piglets. Infected sows may experience reduced fertility and farrowing rates. The respiratory issues associated with this syndrome involve severe pneumonia, labored breathing, coughing, and a higher susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Piglets often showcase labored breathing and reduced weight gain due to the respiratory problems caused by the virus.
PRRS spreads through direct contact between infected and susceptible pigs, as well as through aerosolized droplets carrying the virus. The disease can be transmitted through breeding activities, transport, and close proximity between infected and susceptible pigs. The virus can also persist in contaminated environments.
There are currently no specific antiviral treatments for PRRS, making prevention and control methods crucial. Vaccination may help reduce the severity of the disease and limit its spread. Strict biosecurity measures, such as quarantine protocols, disinfection procedures, and controlled access to farms, are also vital in managing and preventing outbreaks.
Due to the significant economic impact of PRRS on the swine industry, ongoing research aims to develop improved diagnostic methods, vaccines, and antiviral treatments to combat this viral disease.
