Porcine enterovirus A (PEV-A) is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Picornaviridae family. This virus primarily affects pigs, causing enteric diseases and resulting in significant economic losses for the swine industry worldwide.
PEV-A is characterized by its ability to infect the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, leading to various clinical manifestations. These include diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, and general malaise. The virus is shed in the feces of infected animals, making it highly contagious and easily transmitted within pig populations. It can also be transmitted through contaminated food, water, and fomites.
The genetic diversity of PEV-A is significant, with several distinct genotypes identified so far. These genotypes may exhibit differences in virulence, host range, and tissue tropism. Outbreaks of PEV-A in pig herds can result in both acute and chronic infections, depending on the specific strain involved.
Diagnosis of PEV-A typically involves the detection of viral RNA in fecal or tissue samples using molecular techniques such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serological tests can also be used to detect antibodies against the virus in pig sera.
Prevention and control of PEV-A involve strict biosecurity measures, including proper hygiene practices, disinfection of facilities, and isolation of infected animals. Vaccines are not currently available for the prevention of PEV-A, thus making early detection and prompt management crucial in minimizing the spread and impact of the virus.
