How Do You Spell POLYNUCLEOTIDE LIGASES?

Pronunciation: [pˌɒlɪnjˈuːklɪˌɒta͡ɪd lˈɪɡe͡ɪsɪz] (IPA)

Polynucleotide ligases, pronounced /ˌpɑːliˌnjuːklɪəˈtaɪd ˈlaɪɡeɪzɪz/, are enzymes that catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides in DNA or RNA strands. The spelling of this word follows the rules of English phonetics, with each syllable pronounced clearly and distinctly. "Poly" is pronounced like "paw-lee," "nuceo" as "noo-klee-oh," "tide" as "tahyd," and "ligases" as "lahy-gey-siz." This complicated-sounding term is essential in molecular biology for DNA repair, replication, and recombination.

POLYNUCLEOTIDE LIGASES Meaning and Definition

1. Polynucleotide ligases are enzymes that play a crucial role in the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides within a polynucleotide chain. These enzymes are responsible for joining or ligating fragmented nucleic acid strands to form a continuous polynucleotide molecule.

   Polynucleotide ligases are commonly found in living organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and higher eukaryotes. They are involved in important cellular processes such as DNA replication, DNA repair, and genetic recombination. These enzymes utilize ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a high-energy molecule, as a co-factor to facilitate the formation of the phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl (-OH) group of one nucleotide and the 5'-phosphate (-PO4) group of another.

   In DNA replication, polynucleotide ligases are essential for linking Okazaki fragments, small DNA segments synthesized on the lagging strand, into a continuous DNA strand during the synthesis of the complementary DNA strand. In DNA repair, they are required to repair breaks or discontinuities in the DNA backbone caused by external factors such as radiation or chemical damage.

   Polynucleotide ligases have also been widely used in molecular biology techniques, including cloning and genetic engineering. They are often employed to join DNA fragments with complementary cohesive ends or to ligate DNA fragments into vectors for recombinant DNA technology.

   In summary, polynucleotide ligases are enzymes that catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides, allowing the formation of a continuous polynucleotide chain. These enzymes are crucial for various biological processes involving DNA, including replication, repair, and genetic recombination.

Common Misspellings for POLYNUCLEOTIDE LIGASES

• oolynucleotide ligases
• lolynucleotide ligases
• -olynucleotide ligases
• 0olynucleotide ligases
• pilynucleotide ligases
• pklynucleotide ligases
• pllynucleotide ligases
• pplynucleotide ligases
• p0lynucleotide ligases
• p9lynucleotide ligases
• pokynucleotide ligases
• popynucleotide ligases
• pooynucleotide ligases
• poltnucleotide ligases
• polgnucleotide ligases
• polhnucleotide ligases
• polunucleotide ligases
• pol7nucleotide ligases
• pol6nucleotide ligases
• polybucleotide ligases

Etymology of POLYNUCLEOTIDE LIGASES

The word "polynucleotide ligases" originates from a combination of several terms:

1. Poly-: meaning "many" or "multiple".

2. Nucleotide: referring to the building blocks of DNA and RNA, which are composed of a nucleobase, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group.

3. Ligase: derived from the Latin word "ligare", meaning "to bind". In biology, a ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two molecules by forming a chemical bond between them.

Therefore, "polynucleotide ligases" can be understood as enzymes responsible for joining multiple nucleotide molecules together.