PEROXIDASES Meaning and
Definition
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Peroxidases are a class of enzymes that play a crucial role in various biological processes, particularly in the breakdown and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). They belong to the larger group of oxidoreductases, which are enzymes involved in oxidation and reduction reactions in organisms.
Peroxidases catalyze the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and various organic compounds or inorganic ions, resulting in the removal of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the body. These enzymes are widely distributed in living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, reflecting their essential function in cellular metabolism.
One of the most well-known types of peroxidases is called horseradish peroxidase (HRP), which is commonly used as a marker enzyme in biological research. HRP can quickly convert hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, making it useful for detecting the presence of specific substances in laboratory experiments.
Peroxidases are crucial for the protection of living organisms against oxidative stress, which occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of ROS and the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms. Excessive ROS can cause damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to various health problems and diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions.
In summary, peroxidases are enzymes that facilitate the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species, thus protecting cells and organisms from oxidative damage.
Etymology of PEROXIDASES
The word "peroxidases" is derived from the combination of two elements: "peroxi" and "dase".
1. "Peroxi" is derived from "peroxide", which comes from the French word "péroxyde", meaning "oxide with more oxygen". The term "peroxide" was first coined by the French chemist Louis Jacques Thénard in 1818. It refers to a compound containing the -O-O- group, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
2. The suffix "-dase" comes from the Greek word "dasis", meaning "to divide" or "to break down". This suffix is commonly used in biology and biochemistry to refer to enzymes. Enzymes are protein-based catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms.
