Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma (PDC) is a specific type of cancer that affects the pancreas, particularly the ducts that carry enzymes and fluids from the pancreas to the small intestine. It is the most common form of pancreatic cancer, accounting for approximately 90% of cases. PDC typically arises from the cells lining the pancreatic ducts and is known for its aggressive behavior and poor prognosis.
Typically, PDC is asymptomatic during its early stages, making it difficult to detect. Symptoms usually appear as the tumor grows and spreads, and may include abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice, change in stool color, and digestive problems. The exact cause of PDC is not fully understood, but it is associated with various risk factors such as age, cigarette smoking, obesity, family history of pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and certain genetic conditions.
Diagnosis of PDC involves a combination of imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), along with tissue biopsy for confirmation. Treatment options depend on the stage and extent of the disease but may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Unfortunately, PDC tends to be diagnosed at an advanced stage, which limits curative treatment options and contributes to its high mortality rate. Overall, the five-year survival rate for PDC is quite low, highlighting the urgent need for early detection strategies and more effective treatment options for this often-deadly form of cancer.
