Pancreatic ductal carcinomas (PDCs) are a type of cancer that originate in the pancreatic ducts, which are the passageways that carry digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas into the small intestine. They are the most common type of pancreatic cancer, making up approximately 90% of all cases.
PDCs typically develop when cells in the ductal system of the pancreas begin to grow and divide uncontrollably, forming a malignant tumor. As the tumor grows, it can block or invade nearby organs and tissues, leading to various symptoms and complications.
The risk factors for developing PDCs include age, smoking, family history of pancreatic cancer, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, and certain inherited genetic conditions. However, the exact cause of PDCs remains largely unknown.
Symptoms of PDCs may include weight loss, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, and changes in stool color. These symptoms may not appear until the cancer is in its advanced stages, making early detection challenging.
Treatment options for PDCs depend on the stage and location of the tumor but may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Prognosis for PDCs is generally poor, as these tumors tend to be aggressive and difficult to diagnose at an early stage. However, advancements in research and treatment strategies are offering hope for better outcomes in the future.
