Pancreatic delta cells, also known as delta cells or D cells, are a type of endocrine cell found in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. These specialized cells secrete a hormone known as somatostatin, which plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in the body.
Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that acts as an inhibitor or regulator of other hormones, especially those involved in digestion and the secretion of other pancreatic hormones. It has been found to suppress the release of growth hormone, glucagon, insulin, gastrin, and other gastrointestinal hormones, thus exerting a broad inhibitory effect on various physiological functions.
Pancreatic delta cells are characterized by their unique cellular morphology and distinctive cytoplasmic granules, which contain the somatostatin hormone. These cells are interspersed within the islets of Langerhans alongside other endocrine cells, including alpha cells that secrete glucagon and beta cells that secrete insulin.
The precise mechanism of action and regulation of pancreatic delta cells are still subject to ongoing research, but their importance in maintaining hormonal balance and regulating digestion and metabolism is well established. Dysfunction or abnormal functioning of pancreatic delta cells can lead to various disorders, including abnormalities in glucose metabolism, hormonal imbalances, and digestive disorders.
Understanding the function and behavior of pancreatic delta cells is critical for improving our knowledge of pancreatic diseases and developing potential therapeutic interventions related to hormonal regulation and metabolic disorders.
