Pancreatic delta cells, also known as delta cells or D cells, are endocrine cells located within the pancreas. They make up approximately 5% to 10% of the total population of islet cells in the pancreas and are primarily found in the islets of Langerhans.
Pancreatic delta cells are responsible for producing and secreting a hormone called somatostatin. Somatostatin plays a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including the inhibition of both insulin and glucagon secretion. It acts as a paracrine hormone, regulating the secretion of neighboring alpha and beta cells in the islets of Langerhans.
Delta cells are characterized by their small size and numerous secretory granules containing high levels of somatostatin. These cells have an extensive network of blood vessels surrounding them to facilitate the release of somatostatin into the bloodstream.
The secretion of somatostatin by pancreatic delta cells is highly regulated by various factors, such as glucose levels, gastrointestinal peptides, and neurotransmitters. It serves as a negative feedback mechanism to regulate the secretion of insulin and glucagon, helping to maintain blood glucose homeostasis.
Dysfunction or abnormality in pancreatic delta cells can have significant implications for glucose regulation and metabolism. For example, decreased somatostatin production can lead to excessive release of insulin and glucagon, contributing to conditions like diabetes mellitus.
In summary, pancreatic delta cells are specialized endocrine cells within the pancreas that produce and secrete somatostatin, a hormone involved in regulating insulin and glucagon secretion for maintaining blood glucose balance.
