NEUTROPHILS Meaning and
Definition
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Neutrophils are a type of white blood cells that play a vital role in the immune system's defense against microbial infections. They are the most abundant type of white blood cells, accounting for approximately 40-75% of the total leukocyte count in the body.
Neutrophils are classified as granular leukocytes, characterized by their distinctive multi-lobed nucleus and numerous cytoplasmic granules. These granules contain various enzymes and antimicrobial substances that help in the neutralization and destruction of invading pathogens.
One of the essential functions of neutrophils is phagocytosis, the process of engulfing and digesting foreign microorganisms. They actively move towards the site of infection by chemotaxis, following chemical signals released by damaged tissues or invading bacteria. Neutrophils then attach themselves to the microorganisms through receptor interactions and internalize them within specialized vesicles called phagosomes. The phagosomes then fuse with lysosomes, forming phagolysosomes, where the engulfed bacteria are broken down using reactive oxygen species and hydrolytic enzymes.
Additionally, neutrophils can release specialized structures called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to effectively trap and kill bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens. NETs are composed of chromatin fibers and antimicrobial proteins, creating a physical barrier that immobilizes and neutralizes the microorganisms.
In addition to their microbial defense role, neutrophils also participate in the resolution of inflammation by modulating immune responses and clearing cellular debris. They are typically the first immune cells to arrive at the site of infection or injury, making them crucial in initiating the immune response and supporting tissue repair.
Common Misspellings for NEUTROPHILS
Etymology of NEUTROPHILS
The word "neutrophil" has its etymology rooted in Latin and Greek. The term "neutrophil" is derived from the Latin word "neutrō" which means "neuter" or "neutral", and the Greek word "phílos" which means "loving". The combination of these words in the context of biology refers to a type of white blood cell that has a neutral staining pattern. Neutrophils are an important component of the immune system, as they are involved in defending the body against bacterial infections.
Similar spelling words for NEUTROPHILS
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