NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS Meaning and
Definition
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Neurotransmitter systems refer to complex networks of neurons that communicate with one another through the release and reception of chemical messengers, known as neurotransmitters. These systems play a crucial role in the functioning of the nervous system and are involved in various physiological processes and behaviors.
Neurotransmitter systems consist of specific groups of neurons that produce, release, and respond to specific neurotransmitters. These systems are widely distributed throughout the brain and central nervous system, and each system is associated with different functions and behaviors. Some of the prominent neurotransmitter systems include the dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems.
Dopamine, for instance, is associated with reward and motivation, as well as movement and coordination. The serotonin system is involved in mood regulation, sleep, and appetite. Noradrenaline is important for attention, arousal, and stress response. GABA, on the other hand, is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate brain activity and counterbalances the effects of excitatory neurotransmitters.
Imbalances or dysfunctions within neurotransmitter systems can lead to various neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, addiction, and schizophrenia. Many medications used in psychiatric treatments target specific neurotransmitter systems to restore their proper functioning and alleviate symptoms associated with these disorders.
In summary, neurotransmitter systems compose intricate networks of neurons that use chemical messengers to communicate and regulate various functions within the nervous system. They are fundamental to maintaining normal brain function and play a crucial role in numerous physiological processes and behaviors.
Etymology of NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS
The etymology of the word "neurotransmitter" can be broken down as follows:
1. "Neuro-" comes from the Greek word "neuron" (νεῦρον), meaning "nerve" or "sinew". It refers to the complex network of nerve cells in the body.
2. "-transmitter" comes from the Latin word "transmittere", derived from "trans" meaning "across" and "mittere" meaning "to send". It refers to something that transmits or sends signals.
The word "system" in "neurotransmitter systems" comes from the Latin word "systēma", which means "a whole compounded of several parts" or "an organized body of parts". In the context of neuroscience, it is used to describe the various interconnected components that work together to produce neurotransmission.
