Murine pneumonia virus, also known as MPV, is a type of virus belonging to the family Pneumoviridae, genus Pneumonia virus of mice. It is a non-segmented, negative-sense RNA virus that primarily affects laboratory mice, causing respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. MPV is commonly found in mouse colonies and is highly contagious among mice.
The virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected mice, as well as through contaminated water, bedding, or cages. Infection can also occur through respiratory droplets expelled by infected mice during sneezing or coughing. MPV can affect mice of all ages, but younger mice and immunocompromised individuals are particularly susceptible to severe disease.
Clinical signs of MPV infection include sneezing, nasal discharge, labored breathing, and reduced activity levels. It can lead to more severe illness, such as pneumonia, in some cases. Additionally, MPV can lead to weight loss, reduced fertility, and increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections.
Laboratory diagnosis of MPV is typically done through serological and molecular techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These tests help detect the presence of viral antigens or nucleic acids in mice samples.
Prevention and control of MPV involve implementing strict biosecurity measures to prevent the introduction and spread of the virus within mouse colonies. This includes proper quarantine procedures for new mice, regular cleaning and disinfection of cages and equipment, and monitoring the health status of mice through serological testing. Vaccination against MPV may also be considered for high-risk mouse populations.
