MITOSIS PROMOTING FACTOR Meaning and
Definition
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Mitosis Promoting Factor (MPF) is a protein complex that plays a crucial role in the regulation and initiation of cell division in eukaryotic cells. It is composed of two main components: cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and cyclin. This complex is responsible for controlling the transition from the interphase of the cell cycle to the mitotic phase.
During interphase, the levels of CDK remain constant, but the concentration of cyclins gradually increases. The binding of cyclin to CDK forms the active MPF complex, which triggers the transition from interphase to mitosis. This complex phosphorylates a range of target proteins, inducing various cellular changes necessary for mitosis, such as nuclear envelope breakdown and chromosome condensation.
The regulation of MPF activity is essential to maintain the balance between cell growth and division. Its activity is tightly controlled by the oscillating levels of cyclins throughout the cell cycle. The concentration of cyclins is regulated by a complex network of cellular signaling pathways that respond to internal and external signals, ensuring that cell division is only initiated when conditions are favorable.
Moreover, the activity of MPF is also regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. Once the necessary cellular changes have occurred, it promotes its own degradation through ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. This degradation of cyclins inactivates MPF, allowing cells to exit mitosis and proceed to the next interphase.
Overall, Mitosis Promoting Factor plays a pivotal role in the progression of the cell cycle from interphase to mitosis, ensuring accurate and timely cell division.
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