Microsporum is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Arthrodermataceae, which includes several species that cause cutaneous mycoses in humans and animals. These dermatophytes are known to infect the skin, hair, and nails, leading to various dermatological conditions such as ringworm, tinea capitis, and athlete's foot.
Comprising filamentous fungi, the microsporum species are characterized by the production of macroconidia, large and multicellular spores that allow them to spread and colonize the host's tissues. These spores are typically club-shaped or spindle-shaped, interspersed with septa, and possess thick cell walls. They are often responsible for the transmission of Microsporum infections through direct contact with infected individuals, animals, or contaminated objects.
Microsporum infections typically manifest as circular or ring-shaped lesions on the skin, accompanied by itching, redness, scaling, and hair loss. In certain cases, the fungi can invade the hair shafts or penetrate the nails, leading to more severe symptoms, such as brittle or discolored nails.
The identification of Microsporum species is typically achieved through microscopic examination of affected tissues or hair samples, where the presence of macroconidia and other characteristic features aid in distinguishing the fungal species. Treatment usually involves oral or topical antifungal medications, such as azoles or allylamines, depending on the severity and location of the infection.
Overall, Microsporum represents an important genus of fungi known for causing common dermatophytic infections in both humans and animals, necessitating appropriate diagnosis and prompt treatment to effectively manage these conditions.
