Keratosis refers to a medical condition characterized by the abnormal growth of keratinocytes, the cells that produce keratin, a tough, fibrous protein that makes up the outermost layer of the skin. It results in the development of keratotic or rough, scaly patches on the skin or mucous membranes.
There are several different types of keratosis, each with distinct characteristics and causes. Examples include actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis, and keratosis pilaris. Actinic keratosis occurs due to prolonged exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays and typically affects areas exposed to sunlight, such as the face, arms, and hands. Seborrheic keratosis, on the other hand, is a benign, often hereditary condition that produces raised, waxy, and often pigmented growths that can resemble moles or warts. Keratosis pilaris is a common, non-contagious skin condition characterized by small, rough bumps primarily on the arms, thighs, buttocks, and sometimes the face.
While many forms of keratosis are primarily a cosmetic concern, some can be premalignant or associated with certain cancers. Therefore, it's important to monitor any changes in size, shape, or color of keratotic lesions and consult a dermatologist if needed.
Treatment options for keratosis include cryotherapy, topical medications, chemical peels, and laser therapy, depending on the type and severity of the condition. Additionally, prevention strategies such as sun protection measures can help reduce the risk of developing keratosis.
