Intracranial Arterial Disease refers to a medical condition characterized by the narrowing, blockage, or damage of the arteries that supply blood to the brain. These arteries, known as intracranial arteries, are responsible for delivering oxygen and essential nutrients to the brain tissue.
The gradual buildup of fatty deposits, known as plaque, on the inner walls of these arteries is the primary cause of intracranial arterial disease. This condition is often associated with atherosclerosis, a systemic disease that affects the arteries throughout the body. As the plaque accumulates, the arteries become narrowed, restricting blood flow to the brain.
The symptoms of intracranial arterial disease vary depending on the extent of the artery blockage and the affected area of the brain. Common symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, difficulty walking, speech problems, memory issues, and changes in vision. In severe cases, it can lead to strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), also known as mini-strokes.
Certain risk factors contribute to the development of intracranial arterial disease. These include age, family history, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol levels, smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle.
The diagnosis of intracranial arterial disease typically involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, and imaging tests such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or computed tomography angiography (CTA). Treatment options may vary depending on the severity of the condition and can include lifestyle changes, medication to manage risk factors, and surgery in extreme cases.
Managing risk factors through a healthy lifestyle and regular medical check-ups can help prevent or delay the progression of intracranial arterial disease, reducing the risk of complications such as stroke or cognitive impairment.
