Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) refer to abnormal tangles of blood vessels within the brain. An AVM is a congenital condition, meaning it is present at birth, and involves the improper development of blood vessels in the brain. Instead of a normal network of arteries and veins, an AVM consists of a cluster of abnormal, dilated blood vessels directly connecting arteries to veins without the usual capillary network in between.
This condition occurs in less than 1% of the population and typically remains asymptomatic for many years. However, as the AVM size increases or with the passage of time, symptoms may develop. The symptoms can vary widely depending on the location and size of the AVM, but common signs may include headaches, seizures, neurological deficits, or even life-threatening bleeding in severe cases.
Intracranial arteriovenous malformations are often diagnosed through advanced imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans. Treatment options for AVMs depend on various factors, including the location, symptoms, and risk of complications. The main treatment approaches consist of surgical removal, endovascular embolization (blocking the abnormal vessels), and stereotactic radiosurgery (using focused radiation to shrink or close off the AVM).
Overall, intracranial arteriovenous malformations are complex and potentially dangerous conditions that require careful evaluation, monitoring, and appropriate management to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.
