An intracranial arachnoid cyst is a fluid-filled sac or pouch that develops within the brain or its coverings, specifically within the arachnoid membrane. The arachnoid membrane is one of the thin layers of tissue that surrounds and protects the brain.
These cysts are typically congenital, meaning they are present at birth, and they arise due to an abnormal separation or splitting of the arachnoid membrane during the development of the central nervous system. Intracranial arachnoid cysts can occur anywhere within the cranial cavity, but they are most commonly found in the region around the brain's midline, called the suprasellar, sylvian, or parasellar regions.
Arachnoid cysts are filled with cerebrospinal fluid, a clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord. The size of the cyst varies, ranging from small and asymptomatic to large and potentially causing complications. Symptoms may include headaches, seizures, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and developmental delays in infants and children.
Diagnosis of intracranial arachnoid cysts often involves imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans. Treatment options depend on the size, location, and symptoms associated with the cyst. Small, asymptomatic cysts may not require treatment, while larger or symptomatic cysts may need to be surgically removed or drained to relieve pressure on the brain and alleviate symptoms.
Monitoring and management of intracranial arachnoid cysts typically involve regular follow-up visits with a neurologist or neurosurgeon to assess any changes in size or symptoms and determine the most appropriate course of action.
