Infectious Bursal Agents, also known as IBA, are a group of viruses that specifically target the bursa of Fabricius in domestic and wild birds. The bursa of Fabricius is an essential organ that plays a significant role in the development and maturation of B lymphocytes, crucial for the bird's immune system.
IBA typically refers to three main viruses: Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (CIAV), and Avian Reovirus (ARV). These viruses are highly contagious and can cause severe damage to the bursa of Fabricius, resulting in immunosuppression and subsequent susceptibility to other infectious diseases.
Infectious Bursal Agents primarily affect young chickens, between three and six weeks old, although older birds can also be infected. The viruses are transmitted through contaminated feces, respiratory secretions, and contaminated fomites. Once infected, birds may exhibit various symptoms, including depression, decreased food and water consumption, diarrhea, decreased growth rate, and increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections.
Vaccination is the primary method to control Infectious Bursal Agents in commercial poultry operations. Vaccines have been developed to induce protective immunity against IBA, essential for reducing the impact of the disease on the poultry industry.
In summary, Infectious Bursal Agents are a group of highly contagious viruses that specifically target the bursa of Fabricius in birds, leading to immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to other diseases. Proper vaccination programs and biosecurity practices are crucial in controlling and preventing outbreaks of IBA in poultry populations.
