IMMUNOLOGICAL TEST Meaning and
Definition
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An immunological test, also known as an immunoassay or immunodiagnostic test, is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure specific substances in a sample, such as blood, urine, or tissue, by utilizing the body's immune system. It is based on the principle that when a foreign substance (antigen) enters the body, the immune system produces antibodies to target and neutralize it.
Immunological tests have a wide range of applications in various fields of medicine, including diagnostics, infectious disease screening, cancer detection, drug monitoring, and transplantation compatibility assessment. These tests can identify the presence or quantity of antibodies, antigens, or immune cells, which are characteristic of different diseases or conditions.
There are several types of immunological tests, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunofluorescence assays (IFA), radioimmunoassays (RIA), and Western blot. Each test utilizes specific antibodies or antigens to create an interaction that can be measured or visualized to determine the presence or concentration of the target substance.
Immunological tests have the advantage of being sensitive, specific, and relatively rapid, enabling healthcare professionals to make informed diagnoses and treatment decisions. They play a crucial role in infectious disease screening, for example, by detecting antibodies against pathogens, such as HIV or hepatitis viruses, or identifying antigens on the surface of bacteria or viruses.
In summary, immunological tests utilize the body's immune response to identify and measure specific substances in a sample, providing valuable information for the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of diseases and conditions.
Common Misspellings for IMMUNOLOGICAL TEST
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Etymology of IMMUNOLOGICAL TEST
The term "immunological test" is a compound word derived from two parts: "immunological" and "test".
1. Immunological: The word "immunological" is derived from the root word "immune" which comes from the Latin word "immunis" meaning "exempt from" or "protected". It refers to the body's immune system and its ability to defend against harmful substances or pathogens. The suffix "-logical" is derived from the Greek word "logos" meaning "study", "science", or "knowledge". So, "immunological" refers to the study or science of the immune system.
2. Test: The word "test" can be traced back to the Old French word "test" or "teste", meaning "an examination or trial". It ultimately comes from the Latin word "testum", which meant "earthen vessel" or "pot".
