IMMUNOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE Meaning and
Definition
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Immunological surveillance refers to the body's natural defense mechanism that continuously monitors and protects against harmful substances and abnormal cells, such as pathogens, cancer cells, and infected or damaged cells. It is an essential function of the immune system, playing a crucial role in detecting and eliminating potential threats to maintain health and homeostasis.
The immune system employs various specialized cells and molecules to carry out immunological surveillance. These include natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), macrophages, and certain types of white blood cells. These cells are capable of recognizing abnormal or foreign entities by detecting specific markers on their surface. For example, NK cells can identify and destroy virally infected cells or cancer cells by recognizing altered or reduced levels of certain proteins.
Immunological surveillance involves both innate and adaptive immune responses. Innate immunity provides immediate defense against pathogens and abnormal cells, while adaptive immunity develops a more specific and targeted response, generating memory cells that remember previous encounters with the same threat.
The process of immunological surveillance is regulated by an intricate network of signaling pathways, which allow immune cells to communicate and coordinate their responses efficiently. Abnormalities or dysregulation in immunological surveillance can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, unchecked growth of cancer cells, or autoimmune disorders.
In summary, immunological surveillance is a critical component of the immune system that continuously monitors and eliminates threats to the body, contributing to overall health and protection against diseases.
Common Misspellings for IMMUNOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
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Etymology of IMMUNOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
The term "immunological surveillance" is composed of two words: "immunological" and "surveillance".
The word "immunological" is derived from "immunology", which comes from the Latin word "immunis", meaning "exempt" or "free from", and the Greek word "logos", meaning "study" or "science". Immunology is the branch of science that focuses on the study of the immune system, including its structure, functions, and mechanisms of defense.
The word "surveillance" has its roots in the French language, originating from the Old French word "surveillir", meaning "to watch over". It combines the prefix "sur" meaning "over" or "above" and the verb "veiller" meaning "to watch" or "to guard".
