Immunologically mediated disease refers to a medical condition or disorder that is caused by an abnormal immune response of the body. The immune system's primary role is to defend the body against harmful substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders. However, in certain circumstances, the immune system may malfunction and mistakenly target the body's own cells, tissues, or organs as if they were threats, leading to immunologically mediated diseases.
These diseases are characterized by an overactive or misdirected immune response, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to healthy tissues, and various symptoms associated with the specific condition. There are several types of immunologically mediated diseases, including autoimmune disorders, allergic reactions, and immune complex diseases.
Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or multiple sclerosis, occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Allergic reactions, on the other hand, involve an exaggerated immune response to harmless substances, such as pollen, dust mites, or certain foods, causing symptoms like hives, itching, or difficulty breathing. Immune complex diseases occur when immune complexes (a combination of antibodies and antigens) accumulate in certain tissues, triggering inflammation and injury.
Treatment of immunologically mediated diseases often focuses on managing symptoms, suppressing the immune response, or modifying the disease course. This can involve the use of medications, such as immunosuppressants or anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as lifestyle modifications and supportive therapies.
