Immune mediated polygenic arthritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and swelling of the joints, resulting from an immune system malfunction that leads to the targeting of the body's own tissues. This arthritis subtype is considered polygenic, as it is caused by multiple genetic factors rather than a single gene mutation.
The term "immune mediated" emphasizes that the root cause of the arthritis is related to the immune system. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly identifies the joints as foreign and launches an attack against them. Consequently, the immune response triggers an inflammatory reaction, which leads to joint pain, stiffness, and swelling.
The condition is referred to as "polygenic" because it is influenced by multiple genes interacting with various environmental factors. These genetic variations contribute to an increased susceptibility to developing immune mediated polygenic arthritis. However, the exact genes involved and the mechanisms by which they influence the disease are not fully understood.
Immune mediated polygenic arthritis may affect various joints in the body, including the knees, hips, wrists, and fingers. It usually presents as a chronic condition, with symptoms persisting over time and potentially causing significant disability if left untreated.
Treatment options for immune mediated polygenic arthritis focus on managing symptoms and preventing further damage to the affected joints. These may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and in certain cases, biologic response modifiers (BRMs) that target specific components of the immune system. Additionally, physical therapy and lifestyle modifications, such as exercise and weight management, can help improve joint function and overall wellbeing.
