Herpes zoster oticus, also known as Ramsay Hunt syndrome or auricular herpes zoster, is a viral infection that affects the geniculate ganglion, a nerve bundle located near the ear, and the surrounding tissues. It is primarily caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus responsible for chickenpox. The reactivated virus travels along the facial nerve, leading to inflammation and damage.
Common symptoms of herpes zoster oticus include severe pain around the ear, a rash or blisters on the outer ear, facial weakness or paralysis, difficulty in moving facial muscles, hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness. Other symptoms, such as loss of taste, dry mouth, or difficulty in closing the eyes, may also be present.
The condition predominantly affects older adults or individuals with weakened immune systems. The diagnosis of herpes zoster oticus is typically made based on clinical presentation, symptoms, and examination. Laboratory tests like viral cultures or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be used to confirm the presence of the varicella-zoster virus.
Treatment usually involves antiviral medications, such as acyclovir or valacyclovir, to reduce the severity and duration of the infection. Additionally, analgesics or pain-relieving medications may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort. In some cases, corticosteroids are prescribed to reduce inflammation and aid in recovery.
Prompt treatment is crucial to minimize complications and prevent long-term sequelae like hearing impairment or facial weakness. Therefore, anyone experiencing symptoms suggestive of herpes zoster oticus should seek medical attention for early diagnosis and appropriate management.
