Herpes zoster cephalicus, commonly known as shingles, is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) - the same virus responsible for chickenpox. This condition specifically affects the head and face region. The virus lies dormant in the nerves after an initial infection of chickenpox and can become reactivated at a later stage, leading to a painful, blistering rash.
Herpes zoster cephalicus typically begins with a prodromal phase, during which individuals may experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and malaise. This is followed by the development of a unilateral, painful rash, which usually appears as a band or strip of red, inflamed skin on one side of the face. The rash evolves into fluid-filled blisters, which eventually crust over and heal within a few weeks. In some cases, the blisters can cause itching, burning sensations, and severe pain.
Complications of herpes zoster cephalicus may include postherpetic neuralgia, a condition characterized by persistent pain in the affected area even after the rash has resolved. Additionally, if the eye is involved, it can lead to ophthalmic complications such as conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, or even vision loss.
Antiviral medications, analgesics, and topical creams are commonly prescribed to manage the symptoms and speed up the healing process. Vaccination against herpes zoster is recommended to prevent or reduce the severity of the condition, particularly in individuals over the age of 50.
