Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, also known as ophthalmic shingles, is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the trigeminal nerve. It primarily affects the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, leading to a wide range of symptoms involving the eye and surrounding structures.
The condition usually occurs in individuals who have had a previous infection of chickenpox, as VZV remains dormant in the sensory ganglia after initial infection and can reactivate later in life. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is characterized by the development of a painful rash that affects the forehead, eyelids, and other parts of the face on one side. The rash usually appears as small, fluid-filled blisters that crust over after a few days.
The most significant complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus is the involvement of the eye itself, which can have serious consequences if left untreated. The infection may affect the cornea, leading to corneal ulcers, inflammation of the iris, or even glaucoma. Vision loss, if it occurs, is usually limited to the affected eye.
Treatment for herpes zoster ophthalmicus often involves antiviral medications to inhibit the replication of the virus, reduce symptoms, and prevent complications. Pain relief medications and topical treatments may also be recommended. Prompt medical attention is crucial to avoid potential eye complications and to manage the discomfort associated with the condition.
Overall, herpes zoster ophthalmicus is a viral infection that affects the eye and surrounding areas due to the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in the trigeminal nerve. It requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications and effectively manage symptoms.
