Giant cell epulis, also known as giant cell fibroma, is a benign, non-cancerous oral lesion that commonly occurs in the mouth. It is a slow-growing, soft tissue tumor that arises from the connective tissue of the gingiva or gum.
This condition mainly affects adults, usually between the ages of 30 and 60, and has a slightly higher prevalence in females. Giant cell epulis typically develops as a painless, smooth, firm mass on the gingiva, usually on the upper jaw around the front teeth. It is generally pinkish or purple in color, with a smooth or lobulated surface.
Histologically, giant cell epulis is characterized by the presence of large, multinucleated giant cells within a stroma of fibrous connective tissue. These giant cells are derived from fibroblasts and histiocytes and are scattered throughout the lesion.
The exact cause of giant cell epulis is still unclear, but some potential factors that contribute to its development include chronic irritation, trauma, hormonal influences, and genetic predisposition.
Treatment for giant cell epulis typically involves surgical excision of the lesion. This procedure aims to completely remove the mass and ensure that the disease does not recur. The prognosis for giant cell epulis is generally excellent, with a low recurrence rate and no malignant transformation reported to date.
Regular dental examinations and maintenance of good oral hygiene practices are essential for early detection and management of giant cell epulis.
