Giant Cell Epulides, also known as Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (PGCG), is a benign oral lesion that forms as an inflammatory reaction to local irritants or trauma. It is typically characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells within a connective tissue stroma. These lesions commonly occur in the gingiva (gums) and can vary in size from a few millimeters to centimeters in diameter.
The exact etiology of Giant Cell Epulides is not clearly understood. However, it is believed to occur as a response to factors such as dental plaque, poor oral hygiene, chronic irritation, hormonal changes, or dental procedures. They are more common in females and tend to occur more frequently in individuals between the ages of 30 and 60.
Clinically, Giant Cell Epulides present as well-defined, soft, reddish to bluish-purple, pedunculated or sessile masses. They may ulcerate or bleed when irritated. The lesion may cause discomfort, pain, or interfere with chewing and speaking if it grows large enough or affects the surrounding tissues.
Diagnosis of Giant Cell Epulides is usually achieved through clinical and radiographic examination, along with a histopathological analysis of a biopsy sample. Treatment typically involves surgical excision of the lesion, removing it along with any underlying irritants or contributing factors. Recurrence after surgical removal is rare but can occur.
Overall, Giant Cell Epulides are benign oral lesions that arise as a response to local irritants. Early diagnosis and appropriate management play an essential role in ensuring successful treatment outcomes.
