GENOME Meaning and
Definition
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A genome is the complete set of genetic material present in an organism. It encompasses all the DNA or RNA sequences that carry the hereditary instructions for building and maintaining the entire structure and functioning of an organism. The term "genome" is typically used to refer to the genetic material of complex organisms, such as plants, animals, or humans, but it can also be applied to viruses and other microorganisms.
The genome is organized into discrete units called genes, which contain the instructions for building proteins and other molecules necessary for life. Genes are composed of specific sequences of nucleotides that determine the order of amino acids in a protein or the function of a specific RNA molecule. In addition to genes, the genome also includes non-coding regions that play important roles in gene regulation, as well as repetitive sequences that contribute to the overall structure and stability of the genome.
The study of genomes, known as genomics, involves mapping and sequencing the genetic material of organisms to understand their structure, function, and evolution. This field has advanced significantly with the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, which enable the rapid and cost-effective analysis of entire genomes. By decoding the genome of an organism, scientists can gain insights into its biology, genetic diversity, and potential diseases, leading to advancements in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.
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Etymology of GENOME
The word "genome" originates from the combination of two terms: "gene" and "chromosome". The term "chromosome" comes from the Greek words "chroma" meaning "color" and "soma" meaning "body", as chromosomes are dense, thread-like structures that contain genetic material and can be stained and observed under a microscope. The term "gene" is derived from the Greek word "genea" meaning "generation" or "race". Therefore, "genome" can be understood as a blend of these two terms, indicating the entirety of an organism's hereditary information contained within its chromosomes.
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