Feline Lymphoma Viruses (FeLV) are a group of retroviruses that primarily infect cats and are known to cause feline lymphoma, a type of cancer that affects the lymphocytes, a type of white blood cells. These viruses are highly contagious and can easily be transmitted from infected cats to healthy ones through direct contact, such as mutual grooming, sharing litter boxes, or through biting.
FeLV is classified into several subgroups based on their genetic differences, including FeLV-A, FeLV-B, and FeLV-C. FeLV-A is the most common subgroup and is responsible for the majority of infections. FeLV-B is a highly pathogenic and more aggressive form that can lead to more severe disease progression, including tumors and immunosuppression. FeLV-C, on the other hand, is the rarest subgroup and is associated with neurologic disorders.
Once a cat is infected with FeLV, the virus replicates in various tissues, including the bone marrow, thymus, and lymphatic tissues, leading to the destruction of immune cells and impairment of the immune system. This immunosuppression makes infected cats prone to opportunistic infections, anemia, and the development of tumors, especially in the lymph nodes, intestines, and other organs.
While there is no cure for FeLV, several prevention measures can be taken, such as vaccination and regular testing for FeLV in cats, as early detection can help manage the disease and slow its progression. Additionally, strict isolation of infected cats and prevention of contact with healthy ones can help reduce the spread of the virus within feline populations.
