Feline Leukemias, also known as Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), refers to a viral infection affecting domestic cats and some wild felids. FeLV is a highly contagious retrovirus that primarily targets the immune system, leading to immunosuppression and an increased risk of various secondary infections and diseases.
FeLV is transmitted mainly through close contact with infected cats, primarily through mutual grooming, biting, and sharing of food and water bowls. Kittens can also acquire the virus from an infected mother during birth or through nursing.
The disease can manifest in three different forms: progressive infection, regressive infection, or latent infection. Progressive infection is the most severe form, where the virus continuously replicates and causes persistent immunosuppression. Regressive infection refers to cases where the cat's immune system mounts a successful response against the virus, leading to a reduction in viral replication and the possibility of a carrier state. Lastly, latent infection occurs when the virus remains dormant within the cat's body, usually in bone marrow or other tissues, and can potentially reactivate at a later time.
Signs and symptoms of FeLV may vary widely and can include anemia, weight loss, anorexia, fever, recurrent infections, neurological abnormalities, and even certain types of cancer. The diagnosis is usually made through blood tests that detect the presence of viral proteins or genetic material.
While there is no specific treatment for FeLV, supportive care and management of secondary complications can help improve the cat's quality of life. Prevention is key, focusing on vaccination, early detection and isolation of infected individuals, and maintaining a clean and stress-free environment.
