Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses (FIV) are a group of retroviruses that primarily infect domestic cats and other feline species, causing a weakening of the immune system. FIV belongs to the same family as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. FIV strains can vary in their genetic makeup and virulence, resulting in different disease outcomes.
FIV is mainly transmitted through bites and deep scratches during fights between infected and uninfected cats, as the virus is present in the saliva of infected cats. Less commonly, transmission can occur from an infected mother to her kittens during birth or through shared needles used for drugs (in the case of cats that are exposed to this risk). It is important to note that FIV cannot be transmitted to humans or other non-feline animals.
Once the FIV virus enters a cat's body, it targets and invades cells responsible for proper immune system function. Over time, this leads to a gradual decline in the cat's immune response, leaving it more vulnerable to infections and illnesses. Common clinical signs of FIV include weight loss, chronic diarrhea, poor coat condition, oral and gum infections, recurrent respiratory infections, and even some cancers.
While there is currently no cure for FIV, supportive care and management can help improve the quality of life for infected cats. Preventive measures, such as vaccinating against FIV, keeping cats indoors, and neutering to reduce aggressive behavior, can be effective in controlling the spread of the virus. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring of FIV-positive cats are also crucial to managing the disease. Overall, Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses pose a significant health threat to cats and require appropriate measures to prevent transmission and minimize the
