Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is a viral infection that specifically affects domestic cats and other feline species. It is classified under the retrovirus group, similar to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS in humans. FIV primarily targets the immune system, leading to a weakened immune response and increased susceptibility to other infections and diseases.
The transmission of FIV mainly occurs through deep bite wounds inflicted during fights between infected and uninfected cats. It can also be transmitted from an infected mother cat to her kittens during birth or through nursing. Sexual contact and, although very rarely, through shared use of litter boxes or food dishes may also be responsible for transmission. The virus primarily replicates in the lymphoid tissue, such as the lymph nodes, leading to gradual destruction of immunological cells.
Symptoms of FIV infection vary widely and can take years to manifest. Common signs include recurrent upper respiratory infections, chronic gingivitis, weight loss, poor coat condition, and general weakness. As the disease progresses, more severe symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and neurological disorders may occur. FIV is a lifelong infection, and there is currently no known cure. However, with proper management, infected cats can live relatively healthy lives for many years.
Prevention of FIV involves responsible pet ownership, including keeping cats indoors to minimize exposure to infected cats, and the implementation of spaying and neutering programs to reduce fighting behavior. Vaccines against FIV are available but do not provide complete protection and are primarily recommended for cats at high risk of exposure. Regular veterinary care, including routine testing for FIV, is crucial to detect and manage the infection effectively.
