Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a viral disease caused by a coronavirus called feline coronavirus (FCoV), primarily affecting domestic cats. It is a progressive and severe illness that typically affects the abdominal cavity but can also involve other organs, including the kidneys, liver, and central nervous system. FIP occurs when FCoV mutates within a cat's body, transforming from a relatively harmless form to a highly virulent one.
The disease is characterized by a range of symptoms, depending on the form of FIP present. The effusive (wet) form leads to the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen or chest, causing distension and breathing difficulties. In contrast, the non-effusive (dry) form manifests as granulomas or nodules in various organs, leading to organ dysfunction. In both forms, affected cats typically display signs such as weight loss, fever, jaundice, lethargy, anemia, and neurological abnormalities.
FIP is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected bodily fluids, including saliva, urine, and feces, or by exposure to contaminated objects. Kittens, elderly cats, and those with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to the disease. Diagnosis of FIP can be challenging due to its complex nature, and a definitive diagnosis may require laboratory tests on fluid or tissue samples.
Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for FIP, and treatment options are limited. Management typically focuses on supportive care, addressing symptoms and maintaining the cat's quality of life. Preventive measures, such as maintaining good hygiene practices and minimizing exposure to infected cats, can help reduce the risk of transmission. Vaccines have been developed; however, their efficacy and reliability remain controversial.
