Coronary artery bypass surgery, also known as CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting), is a surgical procedure performed to restore blood flow to the heart muscles that are not receiving adequate oxygenated blood due to blocked or damaged coronary arteries.
During the procedure, a surgeon creates new pathways, or bypasses, for blood to flow around the blocked or constricted arteries. These pathways are usually made using healthy blood vessels harvested from another part of the body, such as the leg or chest. The surgeon then attaches these grafts, bypassing the blocked arteries and allowing blood to reach the heart muscle directly.
Coronary artery bypass surgery is typically recommended for individuals suffering from severe coronary artery disease, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque and fatty deposits in the coronary arteries, causing a reduction in blood flow to the heart. The surgery aims to alleviate chest pain (angina), improve overall heart function, and reduce the risk of heart attack.
The procedure is conducted under general anesthesia and usually involves the use of a heart-lung machine to circulate oxygenated blood throughout the body during the bypass process. It is a major operation that requires a hospital stay of approximately 5 to 7 days, followed by a recovery period of several weeks or months.
Coronary artery bypass surgery has been proven to be an effective treatment for improving blood flow to the heart and relieving symptoms associated with coronary artery disease. However, it is not considered a cure for the underlying cause of the disease and should be complemented by lifestyle changes, medications, and ongoing medical care to ensure long-term heart health.
