Coronary artery bypass graft (ˈkɒrənəri ˈɑːtərɪ ˈbaɪpæs ɡrɑːft) is a surgical procedure to improve blood flow to the heart. The word "coronary" is pronounced /ˈkɒrənəri/ with stress on the second syllable. "Artery" is pronounced /ˈɑːtərɪ/ with stress on the first syllable. "Bypass" is pronounced /ˈbaɪpæs/ with the stress again on the first syllable. Finally, "graft" is pronounced /ɡrɑːft/ with stress on the first syllable. Together, these words make up the complex spelling of the medical procedure known as coronary artery bypass graft.
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) refers to a surgical procedure that aims to restore blood flow to the heart muscles by creating alternative pathways for blood circulation. It is commonly performed in patients suffering from severe coronary artery disease (CAD).
During a CABG, a surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel, often from the patient's leg or chest, called a graft, and attaches it to the blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. This bypasses the clogged vessels, allowing blood to flow around the blockage and reach the heart muscle. The grafted blood vessels serve as new routes for the blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart. The procedure is typically conducted under general anesthesia, and it involves making an incision in the chest and temporarily stopping the heart to perform the grafting.
CABG is one of the most effective and commonly performed procedures for treating severe coronary artery disease. It aims to relieve symptoms such as chest pain (angina) and reduce the risk of heart attack by improving blood flow to the heart. The procedure can also enhance the overall quality of life and increase longevity for individuals with extensive coronary artery disease.
Despite being a major surgery, CABG has been refined over the years and is considered relatively safe and successful, especially in experienced hands. The procedure usually requires a hospital stay of several days, and there is a period of recovery and rehabilitation afterward. As with any surgical intervention, there are potential risks and complications associated with CABG, which should be discussed with a healthcare professional before undergoing the procedure.