Coronary artery stenoses, also known as coronary stenosis or coronary artery disease (CAD), is a medical condition characterized by a narrowing or obstruction of the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries are responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle itself. When these arteries become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque, it restricts blood flow to the heart, leading to various symptoms and potential complications.
Coronary artery stenoses are typically caused by atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty deposits accumulate on the inner walls of the arteries, forming plaques. Over time, these plaques can harden and narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow. Risk factors for coronary artery stenoses include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, family history, and aging.
The symptoms of coronary artery stenoses can vary from person to person, but common manifestations include chest pain or discomfort (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and palpitations. In severe cases, where the blood flow to the heart muscle is significantly reduced or completely blocked, it can lead to a heart attack or myocardial infarction, resulting in permanent damage to the heart muscle or even death.
Treatment options for coronary artery stenoses include lifestyle modifications such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and managing risk factors. Medications such as beta-blockers, statins, and antiplatelet drugs may also be prescribed to reduce symptoms and prevent complications. In more severe cases, invasive procedures like angioplasty with stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery may be necessary to restore normal blood flow to the heart.
