Contracture is a medical term that refers to the abnormal shortening or tightening of muscles, tendons, or other connective tissues resulting in the limitation of joint movement. It is characterized by the inability to fully stretch or extend a muscle or joint, leading to loss of flexibility and range of motion. Contractures commonly occur in response to prolonged immobilization, chronic inflammation, or neurological conditions.
The primary cause of contractures is the imbalance between the muscles or tendons responsible for movements. When a muscle or tendon becomes shortened, it may eventually develop fibrous tissue, resulting in permanent contraction. Contractures can occur in any part of the body and often affect joints such as the elbow, wrist, knee, or ankle.
Contractures can lead to various complications and functional limitations, including difficulties walking, performing daily activities, or exercising. Furthermore, they can cause pain, discomfort, and muscle imbalance, affecting overall quality of life. Contracture management typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including physical therapy, stretching exercises, splinting, and medication to alleviate pain and inflammation.
Prevention of contractures includes maintaining regular physical activity, avoiding prolonged immobilization, and adopting proper body posture. Early intervention and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent or minimize the development of contractures. Surgical intervention may be required to release contracted tissues in severe cases.
